Under the nuclear parenting model, the family unit consists of two adult parents and their dependent children where the responsibility of childcare falls exclusively on the two parents.

The Brazilian public education system coexists with private schools, where private schools are often seen as superior. Many public schools are hindered by insufficient staff and decreased investment due to the latest economic crises. In 2024, the governor of São Paulo, Brazil, announced plans to use artificial intelligence (AI) to create classroom content for public schools.

For the purposes of the debate: 

(1) "Private outsourcing" is when an organization contracts a private company to perform specific tasks or services on behalf of the organization.

(2) Low educational outcomes can be characterized by (but are not limited to) high drop-out rates, low attendance, low grade averages, etc.

Life coaches are public figures on social media who provide advice to individuals seeking personal development. They typically share content focused on topics such as self-improvement, mental well-being, career growth, and relationships.

For the purposes of the debate, a "fragile democracy" is a democratic state wherein the quality and stability of government is inconsistent, e.g., frequent conflict between the ruling (majority) party and the opposition (minority) party, widespread populism, and authoritarian tendencies. Fragile democracies are still functional states.

A "protest vote" is a vote cast in a democratic election to express dissatisfaction against the choice of candidates or the state of the political landscape. Examples of protest votes include blank ballots (not choosing any candidate) or spoilt ballots (purposefully rendering your ballot invalid by deforming your ballot, writing unintelligible notes, or by other means).

Efficiency-oriented economic policy centers on reducing prices and maximizing output by allocating production according to where a comparative advantage exists (e.g., lowering barriers to trade and investment, removing regulations that impede competition). 

Resilience-oriented economic policy sacrifices efficiency in order to build redundancies in the event of economic shocks (e.g., subsidizing domestic production, restricting trade of key technologies with adversaries, building national reserves).

A carbon tax is a fixed fee imposed on carbon emissions, providing a direct financial incentive for businesses to reduce their carbon footprint. In contrast, a cap-and-trade system sets a maximum limit (cap) on total emissions and allows companies to buy, sell, or trade emission permits, creating a market-driven approach to reducing pollution.

Soft warfare refers to indirect or invisible methods of warfare. Examples include cyberwarfare, economic warfare, and information warfare, etc. In contrast, traditional warfare refers to physical combat and the use of conventional weapons.

In 2025, US-EU relations have worsened due to trade conflicts, defense disagreements, and ideological tensions. President Trump imposed tariffs on EU goods, while US military aid suspensions to Ukraine fueled security concerns in Europe. In response, the EU is seeking greater independence in defense and foreign policy.

For the purposes of the debate, the grounds for one individual (the claimant) to sue another individual (the defendant) on the basis of religious indoctrination relies on the claimant proving that the indoctrination caused by the defendant has caused significant harm to their life.

For the purpose of this debate, "have it all" refers to (and is not limited to) the idea that women can have successful careers, raise families, and maintain fulfilling personal lives all at the same time.

A mail-order bride is a woman who seeks a marriage partner through a service or agency that arranges international marriages, typically involving men from wealthier countries who are seeking partners from countries with fewer economic opportunities, most commonly Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America. The term often implies that the process is transactional, where the woman may be selected or matched based on personal preferences, sometimes facilitated through correspondence or online platforms.

Memorysoft is a technology where individuals are able to perfectly recall the details of their memories.